[85] The first golf club in North Rhine-Westphalia was founded in Cologne in 1906. As part of the demilitarisation of the Rhineland, the city's fortifications had to be dismantled. Home » Articles » Place » Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Köln), About Pictures Sources Countries Languages Categories Tags Thanks FAQ Donate Contact Articles Stubs. In 2011, about 11.2% of the population was Muslim. During World War I Cologne was the target of several minor air raids but suffered no significant damage. As capital of a province, Cologne also had a temple dedicated to the emperor, which has already been mentioned. Aus der römischen Bezeichnung Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium entwickelten sich nachantik die Abkürzung Colonia - so nannten die Franken die Stadt -. Cologne ( English: / kəˈloʊn / kə-LOHN; German: Köln [kœln] ( listen); Kölsch: Kölle [ˈkœlə] ( listen); Latin: Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, usually shortened to Colonia Agrippina) is the largest city of Germany's most populous federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and … Agrippinensium geht auf Agrippina zurück, die Köln als Augusta zur Colonia erhob und dafür sorgte, dass die Stadt mit dem Ius Italiciumausgezeichnet wurde. Ara Ubiorum/Col. Köln 2001, page 193. Japanese automotive manufacturer Toyota have their major motorsport facility known by the name Toyota Motorsport GmbH. Roughly at the same time, a city centre bypass (Stadtautobahn) was planned, but only partially put into effect, due to opposition by environmental groups. Cologne was one of the leading members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval and Renaissance times. [6] Considerable Roman remains can be found in present-day Cologne, especially near the wharf area, where a 1,900-year-old Roman boat was discovered in late 2007. There are several centres of nightlife, among them the Kwartier Latäng (the student quarter around the Zülpicher Straße) and the nightclub-studded areas around Hohenzollernring, Friesenplatz and Rudolfplatz. Cologne was also an important hotbed for electronic music in the 1950s (Studio für elektronische Musik, Karlheinz Stockhausen) and again from the 1990s onward. In 716, Charles Martel commanded an army for the first time and suffered the only defeat of his life when Chilperic II, King of Neustria, invaded Austrasia and the city fell to him in the Battle of Cologne. Compared to other German cities, Cologne has a traffic layout that is not very bicycle-friendly. In January, the mean temperature is 3.0 °C (37 °F), while the mean temperature in July is 19.0 °C (66 °F). [9], Cologne's location on the river Rhine placed it at the intersection of the major trade routes between east and west as well as the main south–north Western Europe trade route, Northern Italy to Flanders. Nevertheless, it is referred to as Stadtautobahn by most locals. Der Rang ei… There are frequent ICE trains to other German cities, including Frankfurt am Main and Berlin. [14] With Bonn being chosen as the provisional federal capital (provisorische Bundeshauptstadt) and seat of the government of the Federal Republic of Germany (then informally West Germany), Cologne benefited by being sandwiched between two important political centres. It is also called Konrad Adenauer Airport after Germany's first post-war Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who was born in the city and was mayor of Cologne from 1917 until 1933. Craftsmanship was organised by self-administering guilds, some of which were exclusive to women. As of 31 December 2016, there were 1,080,701 people registered as living in Cologne in an area of 401.15 km2 (154.88 sq mi). Hundreds of thousands of visitors flock to Cologne during this time. Motiv 'CCAA Köln - Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium' auf Männer Premium Tanktop, Farbe Schwarz + weitere, Größe S-5XL bei Spreadshirt » personalisierbar einfache Rückgabe The cathedral, started in 1248 but abandoned around 1560, was eventually finished in 1880 not just as a place of worship but also as a German national monument celebrating the newly founded German empire and the continuity of the German nation since the Middle Ages. römische Hafenstraße in Köln. Even in peace time, these fortifications must have impressed any visitor. Parts of the original Roman sewers are preserved underneath the city, with the new sewerage system having opened in 1890. It is known that in the early second century it was a bishop's seat. All content copyright © 1995–2021 Livius.org. She received 52.66% of the vote at the municipal election on 17 October 2015 and was appointed on 15 December 2015. [68] In competition with Düsseldorf, the economy of Cologne is primarily based on insurance and media industries,[69] while the city is also an important cultural and research centre and home to a number of corporate headquarters. The Cologne Stadtbahn operated by Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe (KVB)[76] is an extensive light rail system that is partially underground and serves Cologne and a number of neighbouring cities. It has a temperate–oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) with cool winters and warm summers. Häfen und Güterverkehr Köln (Ports and Goods traffic Cologne, HGK) is one of the largest operators of inland ports in Germany. The Roman author Suetonius reports that among the objects kept in this temple was Caesar's sword.note[Suetonius, "Vitellius" 8.]. [45] Irenaeus of Lyons claimed that Christianity was brought to Cologne by Roman soldiers and traders at an unknown early date. (Significantly, the number of votes cast for the Nazi Party in Reichstag elections had always been the national average. It evolved from the tram system. Cologne-Bonn Airport is the second largest freight terminal in Germany. [34] A city agency (Stadtentwässerungsbetriebe Köln,[35] "Cologne Urban Drainage Operations") manages an extensive flood control system which includes both permanent and mobile flood walls, protection from rising waters for buildings close to the river banks, monitoring and forecasting systems, pumping stations and programmes to create or protect floodplains, and river embankments. After the battle in the Teutoburg Forest in September 9 CE, I Germanica and XX Valeria Victrix are known to have stayed at Ara Ubiorum, but after 28, the town was no longer in use as a military settlement, although there was an important naval base to the south, now known as Köln-Alteburg. The resulting web of relationships, with political, economic, and cultural links with each other in a system of mutual favours, obligations and dependencies, is called the 'Cologne coterie'. Die Römer nannten die Stadt wohl später kurz (Colonia) Agrippina. With slightly over a million inhabitants (1.09 million) within its city boundaries, Cologne is the largest city on the Rhine and also the most populous city of both the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region and the Rhineland. [34][36] The system was redesigned after a 1993 flood, which resulted in heavy damage. [60] The city has 70 clubs, "countless" bars, restaurants, and pubs.[60]. The metropolitan area encompasses over 405 square kilometres (156 square miles), extending around a central point that lies at 50° 56' 33 latitude and 6° 57' 32 longitude. Colonia Claudia Ara Aggipinensium! Near the river port must have been a sanctuary of the river god Rhenus (Rhine) and Portunus, the god of river trade and ports. That it was a truly cosmopolitan town can be deduced from the presence of many foreign cults, like Mithras, Dolichenus, Isis and Serapis. [18] This raid lasted about 75 minutes, destroyed 600 acres (243 ha) of built-up area (61%),[19] killed 486 civilians and made 59,000 people homeless. [28] The city of Cologne lies within the larger area of the Cologne Lowland, a cone-shaped area of the central Rhineland that lies between Bonn, Aachen and Düsseldorf. The praetorium occupied a surface area of about 3½ hectares and must have been one of the largest buildings in Germania Inferior. In other towns, actors had to use amphitheaters. ", "Cologne Cathedral is perhaps the single most famous tank duel? 60 likes. Its eastern wall was close to the Rhine and must have been very impressive, showing the Germanic tribes on the opposite bank the power of Rome. As a free imperial city, Cologne was a self-ruling state within the Holy Roman Empire, an imperial estate with seat and vote at the Imperial Diet, and as such had the right (and obligation) to contribute to the defense of the Empire and maintain its own military force. [57], The presence of animals in Cologne is generally limited to insects, small rodents, and several species of birds. [21][22] By the end of the war, the population of Cologne had been reduced by 95 percent. Today, Cologne has an excellent museum on the Roman presence in Germania Inferior. In 310, under emperor Constantine I, a bridge was built over the Rhine at Cologne. [71] Toyota Motorsport GmbH (TMG), Toyota's official motorsports team, responsible for Toyota rally cars, and then Formula One cars, has its headquarters and workshops in Cologne. For every 1,000 males, there were 1,046 females. All rights reserved. Several orchestras are active in the city, among them the Gürzenich Orchestra, which is also the orchestra of the Cologne Opera and the WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne (German State Radio Orchestra), both based at the Cologne Philharmonic Orchestra Building (Kölner Philharmonie). The city was not only an entertainment center, but also an important port of transshipment. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium. Germaniko ren alaba eta Klaudio erromatar enperadorearen emaztea izan zen. [3] Cologne is shown on the 4th century Peutinger Map. Explanation of Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium Centered on the left bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of North Rhine-Westphalia's capital of Düsseldorf and 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Bonn. Cologne is the fourth-largest city in Germany after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. Thus they took up residence in Bonn and later in Brühl on the Rhine. The main literary figure connected with Cologne is the writer Heinrich Böll, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. [8] The archbishop nevertheless preserved the right of capital punishment. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium During the rule of Augustus (30 BC to AD 14), the Ara Ubiorum (Altar of the Ubii) was constructed within the city limits. [34], In the Roman Empire the city was large and rich with a population of 40,000 in 100–200 AD. The famous Roman-Germanic Museum features art and architecture from the city's distant past; the Museum Ludwig houses one of the most important collections of modern art in Europe, including a Picasso collection matched only by the museums in Barcelona and Paris. Exhibitions range from local ancient Roman archeological sites to contemporary graphics and sculpture. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium was the Roman colony in the Rhineland from which the German city of Cologne developed.. ICE Trains to London via the Channel Tunnel were planned for 2013.[75]. [29] Cologne's largest daily newspaper is the Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger. Among the largest media companies based in Cologne are Westdeutscher Rundfunk, RTL Television (with subsidiaries), n-tv, Deutschlandradio, Brainpool TV and publishing houses like J. P. Bachem, Taschen, Tandem Verlag, and M. DuMont Schauberg. There was a substantial Jewish minority, which is mentioned in a decree by the emperor Constantine I the Great (306-337) and is also attested by archaeologists. Cologne was designated as one of the Fortresses of the German Confederation. They play their home matches in RheinEnergieStadion which also hosted 5 matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Plans for new roads had already, to a certain degree, evolved under the Nazi administration, but the actual construction became easier when most of the city centre was in ruins. Some buildings of the "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction), for example, the opera house by Wilhelm Riphahn, are nowadays regarded as classics of modern architecture. Historically, Cologne has always been an important trade city, with land, air, and sea connections. ICE and TGV Thalys high-speed trains link Cologne with Amsterdam, Brussels (in 1h47, 9 departures/day) and Paris (in 3h14, 6 departures/day). [83] A third of all German TV productions are made in the Cologne region. Köln - Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium - eine der wichtigsten römischen Städte in Deutschland. Die Bewohner (auch die Ubier) nannten sich fortan Agrippinenser. These soldiers were part of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire ("Reichskontingent") and fought in the wars of the 17th and 18th century, including the wars against revolutionary France, when the small force was almost completely wiped out in combat. We know of the existence of a playhouse in Cologne, but it has not been discovered yet. Cologne is also famous for Eau de Cologne (German: Kölnisch Wasser; lit: "Water of Cologne"), a perfume created by Italian expatriate Johann Maria Farina at the beginning of the 18th century. In Cologne, the carnival season officially starts on 11 November at 11 minutes past 11 a.m. with the proclamation of the new Carnival Season, and continues until Ash Wednesday. Due to the free status of Cologne, the archbishops were usually not allowed to enter the city. The same happened in many other German cities in the last two years of war. Colonia bedeutet das die Stadt römisches Recht erhielt. Cologne's international airport is Cologne/Bonn Airport (CGN). The main road from Bavay and Tongeren to the trade center Cologne (sometimes called Via Belgica) was therefore of vital importance for the survival of the enormous army of the Lower Rhine. Infos und Fakten rund um das schöne Colonia. Pigeons are the most often seen animals in Cologne, although the number of birds is augmented each year by a growing population of feral exotics, most visibly parrots such as the rose-ringed parakeet. Cologne is a major cultural centre for the Rhineland; it hosts more than 30 museums and hundreds of galleries. Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium synonyms, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium pronunciation, Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium translation, English dictionary definition of Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium. This was to be the base for the city's later fortunes: in the Middle Ages, the archbishop of Cologne was a very important man and had the rank of "elector", i.e., one of the seven princes that had the right to elect a new German king. These conflicts alienated the Catholic population from Berlin and contributed to a deeply felt anti-Prussian resentment, which was still significant after World War II, when the former mayor of Cologne, Konrad Adenauer, became the first West German chancellor. The Napoleonic code remained in use on the left bank of the Rhine until 1900, when a unified civil code (the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) was introduced in the German Empire. Cologne lost its status as a free city during the French period. In 1815 at the Congress of Vienna, Cologne was made part of the Kingdom of Prussia, first in the Jülich-Cleves-Berg province and then the Rhine province. The incursions of the Franks had caused the depopulation of the countryside, which meant that other towns declined. opposite to the cathedral with a 103 m (338 ft) high viewing platform and a view of the cathedral over the Rhine. Although the history of the city is not without calamities (e.g., a fire in 58 and a military attack during the Batavian revolt in 70), the city continued to grow and prosper. [72], Cologne has also become the first German city with a population of more than a million people to declare climate emergency.[73]. Cologne is considered "the secret golf capital of Germany". The Cologne City Hall (Kölner Rathaus), founded in the 12th century, is the oldest city hall in Germany still in use. The city's Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom) is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne. also Köln A city of western Germany on the Rhine River north of Bonn. Cathedral Treasury "Domschatzkammer" – historic underground vaults of the Cathedral, German Sports and Olympic Museum – exhibitions about sports from antiquity until the present, Geomuseum of the University of Cologne – the exhibition includes fossils (such as, Forum for Internet Technology in Contemporary Art – collections of Internet-based art, corporate part of (NewMediaArtProjectNetwork):cologne, the experimental platform for art and New Media, Catholic University of Applied Sciences (, University of Applied Sciences Fresenius (, Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research (, CologneAMS – Centre for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Institute for Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, The Cologne Institute for Religious Art (, This page was last edited on 21 February 2021, at 17:53. Safe as it was, Cologne was, in the third century, the only town in Germania Inferior that continued to grow. The tradition of these troops is preserved as a military persiflage by Cologne's most outstanding carnival society, the Rote Funken.[11]. [46] Thomas Aquinas studied in Cologne in 1244 under Albertus Magnus. Film and TV production is also important. The Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn has 5 lines which cross Cologne.The S13/S19 runs 24/7 between Cologne Hbf and Cologne/Bonn airport. During the Middle Ages the city flourished as being located on one of the most important major trade routes between east and western Europe. There are many institutions of higher education in the city, most notably the University of Cologne (Universität zu Köln), one of Europe's oldest and largest universities;[2] the Technical University of Cologne (Technische Hochschule Köln), Germany's largest university of applied sciences; and the German Sport University Cologne (Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln), Germany's only sport university. Cologne was founded in 37 or 19 BCE, when the Romans transferred the Ubians from the east bank of the Rhine to the west bank, which was almost empty since the wars of Julius Caesar, who had exterminated the Eburones. [42], Cologne residents with a foreign citizenship as of 31 December 2015 is as follows:[44]. When the British occupation ended, the prohibition of civil aviation was lifted and Cologne Butzweilerhof Airport soon became a hub for national and international air traffic, second in Germany only to Berlin Tempelhof Airport. Schwarz designed the master plan for reconstruction in 1947, which included the construction of several new thoroughfares through the city centre, especially the Nord-Süd-Fahrt ("North-South-Drive"). In 2014 it ranked 36th out of 39 German cities with a population greater than 200,000. Road building had been a major issue in the 1920s under the leadership of mayor Konrad Adenauer. 1. Die CCAA war Hauptstadt der römischen Provinz Germania inferior (Niedergermanien) und Hauptquartier des niedergermanischen Heeres. [10] Cologne was a member of the Hanseatic League in 1475, when Frederick III confirmed the city's imperial immediacy.[3]. [2] The city has five Rhine ports,[2] the second largest inland port in Germany and one of the largest in Europe. Maternus, who was elected as bishop in 313, was the first known bishop of Cologne. [42], According to the Statistical Office of the City of Cologne, the number of people with a migrant background is at 36.7% (393,793). As members of an influential and powerful family, and supported by their outstanding status as electors, the archbishops of Cologne repeatedly challenged and threatened the free status of Cologne during the 17th and 18th centuries, resulting in complicated affairs, which were handled by diplomatic means and propaganda as well as by the supreme courts of the Holy Roman Empire. Its average annual temperature is 10.7 °C (51 °F): 15.4 °C (60 °F) during the day and 6.1 °C (43 °F) at night. Among the insurance companies based in Cologne are Central, DEVK, DKV, Generali Deutschland, Gen Re, Gothaer, HDI Gerling and national headquarters of AXA Insurance, Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group and Zurich Financial Services. This loss was mainly caused by a massive evacuation of the people to more rural areas. Germanic warriors occupied and looted Cologne in 355/356. Numărul locuitorilor Coloniei este estimat, prin aproximare, la circa 15 000 de persoane în secolele al III-lea - al IV-lea , în afară de cei circa 5.000 locuitori din vecinătatea apropiată. As they wore a red uniform, these troops were known as the Rote Funken (red sparks). Cologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the 1st century AD as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, the first word of which is the origin of its name. [41] The population density was 2,641/km2 (6,840/sq mi). The city served as the capital of Germania Inferior. The first urban settlement on the grounds of modern-day Cologne was Oppidum Ubiorum, founded in 38 BC by the Ubii, a Cisrhenian Germanic tribe. There are also frequent buses covering most of the city and surrounding suburbs, and Eurolines coaches to London via Brussels. The inner city of Cologne was completely destroyed during World War II. Ara Ubiorum became the capital of Germania Inferior and in 50, it was promoted to the rank of colonia, known as Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, which means "Claudius' Colony near the Altar of the Agrippinians" - the latter being the new name of the Ubians, who wanted to honor Agrippina Minor, the wife of of the emperor Claudius. [77] Ports include Köln-Deutz, Köln-Godorf, and Köln-Niehl I and II. The second was the permanent improvement of the diverse traffic infrastructure, which made Cologne one of the most easily accessible metropolitan areas in Central Europe. Of the twelve medieval city gates that once existed, only the Eigelsteintorburg at Ebertplatz, the Hahnentor at Rudolfplatz and the Severinstorburg at Chlodwigplatz still stand today. The rebuilding of those churches and other landmarks such as the Gürzenich event hall was not undisputed among leading architects and art historians at that time, but in most cases, civil intention prevailed. [38] The city was home to around 20,000 people in 1000 AD, growing to 50,000 in 1200 AD. FC Köln,[85] who play in the 1. As of 2015, 35.5% of the population belonged to the Catholic Church, the largest religious body, and 15.5% to the Evangelical Church. 2,537 people acquired German citizenship in 2015. By the end of 1945, however, the population had already recovered to approximately 450,000. Especially the inner urban neighbourhoods experience a greater number of hot days, as well as significantly higher temperatures during night time compared to the surrounding area (including the airport, where temperatures are classified). This has led to the common joke of Kölsch being the only language one can drink. Bezirksregierung Köln: Topografische Karte 1:50.000 (TK 50), Blatt L 5108 Köln-Mülheim. Cologne features regional and international authors. It remained just below that until mid-2010, when it exceeded 1 million again. Bundesliga. By the end of the war, essentially all of Cologne's pre-war Jewish population of 11,000 had been deported or killed by the Nazis. In later years, and after various court battles, his grandson Ferdinand Mülhens was forced to abandon the name Farina for the company and their product. Colonia Claudia Ara Agripinnensium (CCAA), erromatar kolonia Agripina Gaztea 15. urtean jaio zen Kolonian. In these rooms, which are currently accessible, Vitellius was recognized as emperor. 8.7% of all households were single-parent households. At about the same time, the praetorium was built, the headquarter of the army of the Lower Rhine. [60] The largest three Kölsch breweries are Reissdorf, Gaffel, and Früh. Currently they are working on Toyota's team (Toyota Gazoo Racing) which competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship. Cologne was part of the French Département Roer (named after the river Roer, German: Rur) with Aachen (French: Aix-la-Chapelle) as its capital. The Nazis then arrested the Communist and Social Democrats members of the city assembly, and Mayor Adenauer was dismissed. The master plan took into consideration the fact that even shortly after the war a large increase in automobile traffic could be anticipated. By the end of the 12th century, the Archbishop of Cologne was one of the seven electors of the Holy Roman Emperor. A selection of the tallest buildings in Cologne is listed below. The synagogue on Roonstraße was rebuilt in 1959.[25]. Precipitation is spread evenly throughout the year with a light peak in summer due to showers and thunderstorms. The large annual literary festival Lit. [24] The six synagogues of the city were destroyed. [51] In 2011, 0.3% of Cologne's population was Jewish.[48]. Colognian or Kölsch (Colognian pronunciation: [kœɫːʃ]) (natively Kölsch Platt) is a small set of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the Ripuarian Central German group of languages. This altar was possibly foreseen as the central place of worship for a greater Germanic province, which would comprise lands across the Rhine, which remained unconquered at this point. Cologne had been the seat of a bishop since the Roman period; under Charlemagne, in 795, bishop Hildebold was promoted to archbishop. [81], Lauder Morijah School (German: Lauder-Morijah-Schule), a Jewish school in Cologne, previously closed. The economic structures of medieval and early modern Cologne were characterised by the city's status as a major harbour and transport hub on the Rhine. With the intention of restoring as many historic landmarks as possible, the postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique cityscape. The first bishop was a man named Maternus of Trier. Other famous buildings include the Gürzenich, Haus Saaleck and the Overstolzenhaus.
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